Respirator specs and how to spot fakes
What N95, FFP2, BIS IS 9473 and KN95 mean, and how to check a respirator is genuine.
The standards
| Marking | Standard and country | Minimum filtration (lab test) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| N95 | NIOSH 42 CFR Part 84 (USA) | ≥ 95% | N99 ≥ 99%, N100 ≥ 99.97% |
| FFP2 | EN 149 (Europe, CE-marked) | ≥ 94% | Also limits total inward leakage in a fit test |
| FFP3 | EN 149 | ≥ 99% | Harder to breathe through |
| FFP2 (BIS) | IS 9473:2002 (India), ISI mark | ≥ 94% | Note: India’s FFP3 class only requires ≥ 97%, not 99% as in Europe |
| KN95 | GB 2626 (China) | ≥ 95% | Frequently counterfeited |
Filtration is measured on the material with fine test particles. Real-world protection depends mostly on fit. A certified mask that leaks at the nose behaves like a loose one.
What to look for on the mask
- N95: “NIOSH” spelled correctly, the manufacturer’s name, model number, and a TC approval number (TC-84A-xxxx), printed on the respirator itself. Head straps, not ear loops.
- FFP2/FFP3: “EN 149:2001+A1:2009”, the class (FFP2 NR or R), and a CE mark followed by a four-digit number identifying the testing body.
- BIS: “IS 9473”, the class, and the ISI mark with a licence number (CM/L-…).
How to verify
- N95: search the TC number on NIOSH’s Certified Equipment List. The listing should match the brand and model printed on the mask.
- BIS: in the free BIS Care app, choose “Verify Licence Details” and enter the CM/L number. Check the licensee name and product match the mask. Beware imitation wording such as “As per ISS” or “BIS approved”.
- Buy from authorised sellers or pharmacies. Marketplace listings with unusually low prices are where most fakes turn up.
Choosing comfort
- Valved respirators are easier to breathe out through and less humid inside, which is useful for older adults and longer wear.
- Foam nose cushions and adjustable straps improve fit and comfort.
- Buy two or three different models first, find which fits each person, then buy that one in quantity.
- Some models come in small sizes for slimmer faces and teenagers. Fit-check each one.
- No respirator is approved for children by NIOSH. Treat “N95 for kids” claims with caution. See babies and children.